HashMap中的Key能否为null
»jdk目录:
- HashMap的Key能否为null
- HashMap中value能否为null
- HashTable中的Key和Value能否为null
- ConcurrentHashMap里的Key和Value能否为null
- 总结
HashMap是用来存储键值对的一种数据结构,每个Key对应一个Value,那么HashMap的Key能否为null呢?
HashMap的Key能否为null
直接上代码
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* @Author RUANWENJUN
* @Creat 2018-11-05 21:52
*/
public class HashDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(null,1);
Integer integer = map.get(null);
System.out.println(integer);
}
}
输出:1
根据结果看,HashMap的Key可以为Null,而根据HashMap中Key的唯一性(不知道这么说准不准确),可以得出HashMap中可以存在唯一的null key。
至于为什么,通过观察源码可以发现,
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
HashMap里面定义了一个hash(key)方法,当Key为null时,Hash值为0。
HashMap中value能否为null
依然直接上代码
import java.util.HashMap;
/**
* @Author RUANWENJUN
* @Creat 2018-11-05 21:52
*/
public class HashDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(null,null);
map.put(1,null);
Integer integer = map.get(null);
Integer integer1 = map.get(1);
System.out.println(integer);
System.out.println(integer1);
}
}
输出:null
null
根据结果可知,HashMap里的value可以为null,这也是早期HashMap设计不合理的一个地方,因为当key不存在的时候也会返回null(在JAVA8之后添加了getOrDefault方法)。
HashTable中的Key和Value能否为null
上代码
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
/**
* @Author RUANWENJUN
* @Creat 2018-11-05 21:52
*/
public class HashDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Hashtable<Integer,Integer> table = new Hashtable<>();
table.put(null,1);
}
}
输出:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.Hashtable.put(Hashtable.java:465)
at HashDemo.main(HashDemo.java:12)
结构表明,HashTable中的Key不能为null,查看put源码如下:
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
// Make sure the value is not null
if (value == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
// Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
int hash = key.hashCode();
int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
V old = entry.value;
entry.value = value;
return old;
}
}
addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
return null;
}
发现,HashTable的put方法与HashMap的put方法不同,HashTable是直接使用key的hashCode方法,那么当Key为null时,就会抛空指针异常,同时也可以发现当value为null时,会手动抛一个空指针异常。
ConcurrentHashMap里的Key和Value能否为null
上代码
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @Author RUANWENJUN
* @Creat 2018-11-05 21:52
*/
public class HashDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,Integer> concurrentHashMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
concurrentHashMap.put(null,1);
}
}
输出:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap.putVal(ConcurrentHashMap.java:1011)
at java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap.put(ConcurrentHashMap.java:1006)
at HashDemo.main(HashDemo.java:13)
结果表明,ConcurrentHashMap的Key并不能为null,查看put方法源码:
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(key, value, false);
}
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
通过源码发现,当key或Value为null时,会手动抛一个空指针异常。
总结
- HashMap的Key和Value都可以为null
- HashTable的Key和Value都不能为null
- ConcurrentHashMap的Key和Value都不能为null
至于为什么这么设计,还有待日后挖掘